Probiotics reduced inflammatory cell recruitment by constant light exposure. (A,C,E) In vivo intestinal images of 10 dpf Tg (mpeg1:gal4vp16;uas:egfp) show macrophage infiltration. Scale bar: 100 μM. (B,D,F) In vivo intestinal images of 10 dpf Tg (mpx:mcherry) show neutrophil infiltration. Arrows indicate neutrophils in the intestine. Scale bar: 100 μM. (A,B) Control group. (C,D) Stress-induced group by constant light exposure. (E,F) B. longum-feeding stress-induced group. (G) Comparison of the number (#) of intestine-infiltrated macrophages among all groups: n = 16 for control group; n = 21 for light-stress group; n = 13 for light-stress/B. longum group. (H) Comparison of the number (#) of intestine-infiltrated neutrophils among all groups: n = 18 for control group; n = 21 for light-stress group; n = 21 for light-stress/B. longum group. (I) Relative fold changes of inflammatory genes, including tnfα, nfkb, il1b, and il6 (n = 4). Each replicate had 20 zebrafish embryos. ns, not significant; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001.
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