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Fig. 6 Astaxanthin treatment can partially prevent ferroptosis in zebrafish induced by TPhP. (A) Fe2+ content in zebrafish larvae was measured in control, 500 μg/L TPhP, and AST + TPhP-treated zebrafish embryos at 96 hpf. (B) The levels of GPX4 of zebrafish exposed to each group for 7 dpf. (C) The expressions of gpx4a and gpx4b in zebrafish after 96 hpf exposure to TPhP. (D) The change of ferroptosis-related genes in zebrafish at 7 dpf. (E-J) Representative western blotting results (E) and quantification (F-J) showing the expression of Casepase3, Casepase9, BAX, BCL2 and SLC7A11 in control, 500 μg/L TPhP, and AST + TPhP-treated zebrafish embryos at 96 hpf. AST1 is the abbreviation for TPhP (500 μg/L) + AST (30 nM) and AST2 is the abbreviation for TPhP (500 μg/L)+ AST (100 nM). The treatment groups were composed of three replicates, n = 25/50 larvae. Values represent mean ± SEM. In comparison with the control group, * p < 0.05, * * p < 0.01, * ** p < 0.001. Compared with 500 μg/L TPhP group, # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 (one-way ANOVA and LSD test was employed).