Metformin can reduce reactive oxygen species levels in zebrafish and cells (a,b). The results of fluorescence staining showed that metformin downregulated the level of ROS in zebrafish and that H2O2 upregulated the level of ROS (scale bar: 200 μm). The addition of metformin alleviated the effect of H2O2 on reactive oxygen species in zebrafish (n = 25). (c–e) Q-PCR results showing that metformin treatment reduced the upregulation of H2O2-induced expression of duox, sod1, and cat in zebrafish. (f,g) Fluorescence staining results showing that metformin downregulated ROS and that H2O2 upregulated ROS in murine macrophages. The addition of metformin alleviated the effect of H2O2 on reactive oxygen species in murine macrophages. (h–j) Q-PCR results showing that metformin treatment reduced the upregulation of H2O2-induced expression of duox, sod1, and cat in murine macrophages. (**** p < 0.0001, *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05, “ns”, no statistical difference).
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