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Fig. 6 Aerobic exercise activates the insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling pathway in zebrafish skeletal muscle and enhances mitochondrial respiratory function. (A, B) Protein expression of Igf1 and phosphorylation of Pi3k, Akt, and Foxo3a are upregulated after aerobic exercise. (C, D) Expression of Ndufb8, Sdhb, Uqcrc2, and Atp5a, which are key proteins of the mitochondrial respiratory chain I-V, is significantly upregulated after aerobic exercise. * represents d-gal-treated controls (DC) compared with normal controls (NC); # represents d-gal aerobic exercise (DA) compared with DC. #, * p < 0.05. ##, ** p < 0.01. ###, *** p < 0.001. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.