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Figure 1
Various flow patterns can be generated by adjusting the vibration frequency of the glass substrate, i.e., from 22 to 52 Hz. (A) Schematic shows that the vibrating frequency is regulated by repeatedly knocking the glass substrate. (B–G) Using GFP fluorescent particles (1 μm in diameter) as a tracker, flow patterns generated by vibrating the glass substrate at vibrating frequencies ranging from 22 to 52 Hz are plotted. (A, D) Single recirculating flow zone generated at 22–35 Hz frequency; (B, E) two recirculating flow zones generated at 36–47 Hz frequencies; (C, F) four recirculating flow zones generated at 48–53 Hz frequencies.