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Fig. 4 a Percentages of animals that reached developmental L4 stage at indicated hours post egg preparation in wild type, lpd-3(ok2138) mutants with or without supplementation of Lecithin since egg preparation. Values are means ± S.D. ***P < 0.001 (two-way ANOVA followed by multiple two-sided unpaired t-tests, N = 5 biological replicates). b Schematic of the experiment to measure cold resilience of wild type and lpd-3(ok2138) mutants with supplementation of soy phospholipids or Lecithin for 6 hrs post developmental L4 stage. c Representative bright-field images showing markedly decreased survival of lpd-3(ok2138) mutants against cold exposure (4 °C for 20 h) and rescued survival by Lecithin supplementation. Scale bars, 100 µm. d Percentages of survived animals against cold exposure (4 °C for 20 h) with indicated genotypes and increasing doses of Lecithin or soy phospholipids (PL) that rescued lpd-3 mutants. Values are means ± S.D. ***P < 0.001 (one-way ANOVA followed by multiple two-sided unpaired t-tests, N = 5 biological replicates). e Table summary of observed lpd-3 phenotypes and their degrees of rescue (indicated by the numbers of + signs) by Lecithin (10 mg/ml on NGM). f Model to illustrate molecular functions of LPD-3 in mediating non-vesicular ER-to-PM lipid trafficking, antagonizing effects of CKA-1 and SAMS-1 on lipids at ER membranes, and regulation of genes including fat-7 through SBP-1. Other components of the pathway are omitted for clarity. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.