Fig. 4
ER stress and impaired protein homeostasis in vcpex3/ex3 embryos. (A) Loss of Vcp leads to an accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in vcpex3/ex3 embryos compared to WT controls (N = 4). (B,C) Significantly increased Hspa5 protein levels suggest ER stress in vcpex3/ex3 embryos (N = 4; p = 0.0286; two-tailed t-test). Error bars indicate s.d.; * p < 0.05. (B,D) Total RPS6 protein levels are unchanged in vcpex3/ex3 mutant embryos (N = 4; p = 0.0286; two-tailed t-test), whereas phosphoRPS6 protein levels. Error bars indicate s.d.; ns, not significant. (B,E) are significantly increased, suggesting an activation of mTORC1 signaling (N = 4; p = 0.0286; two-tailed t-test). ß-Actin was used as a loading control. Error bars indicate s.d.; * p < 0.05. ns: not significant.