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Fig. 1 (a) Gene set enrichment analysis of 75 autophagy-related genes between ADPKD and control groups. (b) Heatmaps of genes that are from Fig. 1a. in each sample. (c) Expression levels of MAP1LC3B and other significantly altered genes from GSE7869 involved in positive regulation of autophagy. Statistical analysis performed using t-tests, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001). (d) Immunofluorescent staining of human kidney tissues with or without PKD for LC3B. Fluorescence intensity of the signals was quantified by green histogram analyses using Image J program.(For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)