Fig. 6

a, b Transwell-based invasion assay of transfected U3031MG and U3034MG cells migrating through laminin towards DMEM/6% FBS in the absence (Ctrl) or presence of antioxidants BHA (200 µM) or NAC (5 mM). Representative images of invasive cells (left); magnification bar, 50 µm. Quantification of the number of cells per field (right, n = 2 in duplicate, 15 different fields per independent experiment, and results are expressed as mean ± SEM). c Spheroids embedded in collagen were treated with antioxidants BHA (200 µM) and NAC (5 mM) in the presence of MEM or MEM/3% FBS, and representative photomicrographs were recorded after 48 h. Red lines demarcate the outer rim formed by invasive cells. Quantification of the invasion area (top). Results are expressed as mean ± SEM of three replicates of n = 2 independent experiments; siControl (siC), black bars; siPar3, green bars. Transwell-based invasion assay of U3031MG cells through laminin towards DMEM/6% FBS without (Ctrl) or with 100 µM MitoPQ (d) or 1 µM aPKCi (f). The number of invading cells per field was quantified (n = 2 in duplicate, 10 different fields per independent experiment were quantified; results are expressed as mean ± SEM). e Transwell-based invasion assay of U3031MG cells transfected with control or Par3 siRNAs through laminin towards DMEM/6% FBS in the absence or presence of 50 µM MitoTEMPO; analyses were performed as above.