ZFIN Image: Zheng et al., 2021, Fig. 2

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Figure Caption

Fig. 2 Anticoagulation activities of heparin, HS and bivalirudin and the inhibitory effect S protein of SARS-CoV-2. (A) Heparin inactivates thrombin and Xa activities through AT with IC₅₀ at ~0.01 μg/mL and ~0.025 μg/mL respectively. (B) S trimer inhibits the effect of AT on thrombin by competitive binding to heparin. (C) S trimer inhibits the effect of AT on Xa by binding to heparin. (D) Heparin inactivates thrombin activity through HCII with IC₅₀ at ~0.5 μg/mL. (E) S trimer inhibits the effect of HCII by binding to heparin. (F) HS inactivates thrombin activity through AT with IC₅₀ at ~7.5 μg/mL. (G) S trimer inhibits the effect of AT by binding to HS. (H) Bivalirudin inactivates thrombin activities with IC₅₀ at ~5 μg/mL. (I) S trimer cannot reverse inhibitory effect of bivalirudin on thrombin.

Acknowledgments

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Reprinted from International journal of biological macromolecules, 193(Pt B), Zheng, Y., Zhao, J., Li, J., Guo, Z., Sheng, J., Ye, X., Jin, G., Wang, C., Chai, W., Yan, J., Liu, D., Liang, X., SARS-CoV-2 spike protein causes blood coagulation and thrombosis by competitive binding to heparan sulfate, 1124-1129, Copyright (2021) with permission from Elsevier. Full text @ Int. J. Biol. Macromol.