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Fig. 2 Time spent to reach the deep basin was assessed by the T-maze test before the social hierarchy testing. a) Time spent by females before social hierarchy testing to reach the deep basin, n = 9. Student’s t-test, p < 0.05. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance, interaction of time and treatment p > 0.05, time p < 0.01, treatment p > 0.05. No significant differences between trials within groups, Tukey's multiple comparisons test. b) Time spent by males before social hierarchy testing to reach the deep basin, n = 11. Student’s t-test, p > 0.05. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance, interaction of time and treatment p > 0.05, time p > 0.05, treatment p > 0.05. No significant differences between trials within groups, Tukey's multiple comparisons test. c) The time spent by both sexes to reach the deep basin before the social hierarchy testing. p > 0.05 PRE_DOM_M vs PRE_SUB_M, p < 0.001 PRE_DOM_M vs PRE_DOM_F, p < 0.001 PRE_DOM_M vs PRE_SUB_F, p < 0.001 PRE_SUB_M vs PRE_DOM_F, p < 0.001 PRE_SUB_M vs PRE_SUB_F, p < 0.05 PRE_DOM_F vs PRE_SUB_F, One-way analysis of variance, followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance interaction of time and treatment p > 0.05, time p < 0.001, treatment p < 0.001, no significant differences between trials within groups, Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test, n = 9-11. d) Time spent by the F1 generation males to reach the deep basin before social hierarchy testing, n = 5. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance, interaction of time and treatment p > 0.05, time p > 0.05, treatment p > 0.05, n = 5/group. M = male, F = female, DOM = dominant, SUB = subordinate, PRE = before hierarchy test. Graphs represent mean ± SEM.