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Fig. 5 Molecular alterations in larval offspring viability after parental exposure to PFBS (0 and 10 μg/L) with or without dietary administration of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus. (A) Gene transcriptions along GH/IGF axis; (B) Calcium concentration; (C) VDRa gene transcription. Values are presented as mean ± SEM of three replicates (n = 3). *P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 and *** P < 0.001 indicate significant difference between the exposure groups (PFBS or/and probiotic) and the control group; #P < 0.05 and ###P < 0.001 indicate significant difference between the coexposure group (PFBS and probiotic) and the corresponding PFBS alone group.