ZFIN Image: Palpant et al., 2015, Fig. 2

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Figure Caption

Fig. 2

Cardiac developmental defects observed in zebrafish treated with cigarette smoke.

(a) Representative whole mount images of zebrafish at 72 hpe showing normal, mild, intermediate, and severe cardiac developmental defects. v = ventricle, At = atrium. (b-c) Analysis of percent zebrafish with heart defects (b) severity of heart defects and (c). (d) Analysis of heart function in control, e-cigarette and tobacco treated groups at 72 hpe. (e) Quantitative RT-PCR analysis (fold change from control) of a panel of genes with critical roles in early heart development at 24 hpe. n ≥ 3 (independent experiments with each n containing between 24?48 animals per treatment). For qRT-PCR, n = 3 with each n consisting of 28?35 embryos from independent breeding pools. * P < 0.05, hpe = hours post exposure; N = Nicotine, E = E-cigarette, T = Tobacco.

Acknowledgments

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