|
Fig. 2
Dose-dependent effects of exposure to adriamycin at 9 hpf.
(a) Lateral view of 72 hpf larvae exposed to medium (NT) or to adriamycin. Pericardial edema is evident at concentrations ranging from 10 μM to 40 μM. (b) The histogram displays cardiac area/total body area values, as an estimate of pericardial edema formation. Values are normalized to those of untreated larvae (NT). (c) At 72 hpf, larvae treated with adriamycin (ADR) 20–40 μM demonstrate a reduction of body length. (d) Mortality is significantly higher than controls at adriamycin concentration of 40 μM. (e) Temporal course of pericardial edema after addition of mannitol (175 mM) to the medium. The cardiac area/total body area remains significantly elevated in ADR-treated animals as compared to control (NT) larvae. Results are expressed as mean ±SEM of three independent experiments (15 fish for each experiment). Asterisks indicate significant differences between adriamycin-exposed and control (NT) animals: * = P<0.01; ** = P<0.005; *** = P<0.0001 vs NT. Scale bars = 1 mm.