Social phenotype of lrrtm4l1−/− zebrafish. (a) Schematic representation of the lrrtm4l1 gene and its transcripts. The site and type (1 bp insertion) of the mutation within the gene is shown at the top. The 1 bp insertion is highlighted in red. Green colour indicates the parts of the gene and its transcripts unaffected by the mutation, while the black parts are predicted to be not translated. (b) Shoaling assay. lrrtm4l1−/− zebrafish swim closer together and form a more cohesive shoal than their wild-type (lrrtm4l1+/+) counterparts. Student's t-test. n = 8 shoals/group. (c) Visually-mediated social preference (VMSP) test. lrrtm4l1−/− zebrafish spend more time in the stimulus zone than respective lrrtm4l1+/+ fish. Linear mixed model: significant effect of genotype (lrrtm4l1+/+ vs lrrtm4l1−/−: F1,22 = 4.4, * p = .048) and time (F29,638 = 2.27, ***p < .001), but no time*genotype interaction (F29,638 = 1.18, p = .243); n = 12/group. (d) Mirror-induced aggression assay. lrrtm4l1−/− zebrafish are less aggressive against their mirror image. Mann-Whitney U test. n = 11–12/group. ***P < .001; **P < .01; *P < .05 lrrtm4l1−/− vs lrrtm4l1+/+. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
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