MZprmt9ka709/ka709 mutants do not display a typical ciliopathy phenotype but show abnormal social preferences (A) Whole-mount in situ hybridization analysis with prmt9 antisense probe revealed a maternal contribution of prmt9 mRNA (4 h post fertilization [hpf]). At 24 hpf, high expression levels of prmt9 were detected in the hindbrain (black arrowhead), the otic capsule (black arrow), and the blood island (black asterisk). At 48 hpf, additional staining was observed in the forebrain (red arrowhead) and the heart (red arrow). Scale bars, 250 μm. (B) Representative images of a 72-hpf wild-type (wt) and MZprmt9ka709/ka709 mutant zebrafish embryo. Scale bar, 500 μm. (C) Number of wild-type and MZprmt9ka709/ka709 embryos presenting the indicated phenotype. Results are presented as percentage of the total number of analyzed animals, i.e., 122 and 178 for wild-type and mutant embryos, respectively. (D) Representative images of adult (12 months post fertilization) wild-type and MZprmt9ka709/ka709 mutant zebrafish. Scale bar, 500 μm. (E) Schematic representation of the social behavior test. (F) Ratio of the time spent in the conspecific sector. (G) Ratio of the distance traveled in the conspecific sector is significantly reduced in MZprmt9ka709/ka709 mutants compared to wild-type fish. (H) The average speed of MZprmt9ka709/ka709 mutants was significantly decreased in all three compartments. n = 6/group. In (F)–(H), a Student’s t test was performed to determine the significance. ns, not significant; ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01.
|
