Metformin ameliorates the proteinuria leakage and FBG levels in the DN zebrafish model. (A) Schematic of overfeeding and metformin treatment. zMIR/VDBP zebrafish were overfed for 8 weeks and proteinuria was measured for DN fish selection. Then, DN fish were divided into two groups of DN only and DN with metformin treatment, and continued overfeeding for 1 week. (B) Metformin caused a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels compared to those in DN fish (n=6). (C) Metformin treatment significantly decreased proteinuria leakage (n=6). (D) The ratio of phosphorylated Akt (pAkt)/total Akt expression in kidney tissue was higher in metformin-treated DN zebrafish than in the control DN group (n=4). Data are presented as mean±s.e.m. *P<0.05; two-tailed unpaired t-test.
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