FIGURE 5

Expression of genes involved in liver energy metabolism and redox signaling resulting from nitrate treatment. The heat map was generated with Prism and color mapping represents the mean of each treatment group. Negative and positive values indicate downregulation and upregulation compared to control values, respectively. Asterisks indicate significance; *, p < 0.01; **, p < 0.001. (n = 6–8/group). hk1, hexokinase 1; fbp1a, fructose-1,6-bisphophatase a; ldha, lactate dehydrogenase a; g6pd, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; pnp5a, purine nucleoside phosphorylase 5a; ampd1, adenosine monophosphate 1; nrf2a, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2a; nrf2b, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 b; nos2b, nitric oxide synthase 2b; pgc1a, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha; mtor, mammalian target of rapamycin; sirt3, sirtuin 3; cycs, cytochrome c oxidase; nmrk2, nicotinamide riboside kinase 2; acat1, acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1; acaca, acetyl-CoA carboxylase a; hmgcs1, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1; hmgcl, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase; cpt1b, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b; cpt2, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2; bdh1, 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase; pparg, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma; pparaa, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha a isoform; pparab, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha b