BPA exposure can increase mortality, deformity, and delays in hatching in zebrafish. A, Five days of exposure to BPA increased mortality measured at 6 dpf according to a one-way ANOVA (F(5,174) = 3.56; p < 0.01). Tukey’s HSD post hoc tests revealed that the group exposed to 50 μm BPA had significantly (p < 0.05) more mortality compared with the groups exposed to 0, 10, and 20 μm BPA. B, BPA exposure (5 d) increased the number of deformities measured at 6 dpf as indicated by a one-way ANOVA (F(5,126) = 63.41; p < 0.001). Subsequent Tukey’s HSD post hoc tests demonstrated that the 40 and 50 μm groups had significantly (p < 0.001) more deformities than did the groups exposed to 0, 10, 20, and 30 μm BPA. Furthermore, the 30 μm BPA group had significantly (p < 0.01) more deformities than did the 0 μm BPA group. C, BPA exposure (5 d) caused hatching delays as indicated by a one-way ANOVA (F(5,136) = 11.48; p < 0.001). Tukey’s HSD post hoc tests revealed that hatching in the group exposed to 50 μm BPA was significantly (p < 0.05) more likely to be delayed compared with hatching in the 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 μm BPA groups. Furthermore, the fish in the 10 and 30 μm BPA groups demonstrated significantly (p < 0.01) more frequent delayed hatching than did those in the 0 μm BPA group. D, Zebrafish exposed to BPA (5 d), and with no visible deformities, did not exhibit deficits in the C-start reflex as shown by a one-way ANOVA (F(3,80) = 0.23; p = 0.87). This and subsequent figures present means ± SEM; * specifies a significant difference between groups in this and subsequent figures.
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