Nicotinamide-induced cardiac differentiation is independent of canonical WNT inhibition.A Analyses of gene expression of WNTs after 5 days of differentiation by qPCR. B Gene expressions of the downstream targets of canonical WNT (AXIN2) and noncanonical WNT (ALCAM) after 5 days of differentiation. C Gene expression of WNT receptors after 5 days of differentiation. D Confocal microscopy images showing the immunostaining images of β-Catenin in differentiated cells treated with IWP-2, nicotinamide (Nam), or P38 inhibitor (P38i). After plating for 2 days, hESCs were treated with CHIR99021 5 μM for 1 day, and then IWP-2 (3 μM), nicotinamide (20 mM) or P38 inhibitor SB202190 (10 μM) for 1 day to examine their impact on β-Catenin expression. Scale bar, 50 μm. Data shown are normalized to control, and represent mean ± SD of three independent experiments (*p < 0.05 compared with Control).
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