Fig. 3

a Model mechanism 1: segregation of RNA-RBP condensates from chromatin. b Model mechanism 2: tethering of RNA-RBP complexes to transcriptionally active chromatin, forming amphiphilic connections. c Illustration of the lattice model for euchromatin organization, indicating chromatin chains and RNA-binding proteins with different states, as well as the costs for placing different types of lattice sites next to each other. See Supplementary Table 1 for model parameters. d Configurations of chromatin (white) in long-term simulations of the lattice model with (i) no RNA and no transcription, (ii) RNA and no transcription, and (iii) RNA and transcription. e Concentration profiles from simulations with example STED nuclear mid-sections from corresponding experimental conditions: control treatment (Ctrl), flavopiridol (FP), actinomycin D (Act D). The same results were obtained in four independent experiments. f Comparison of DNA image contrast (C_DNA) and correlation length (L_corr) from simulations and STED mid-nuclear sections. Mean ± SD, ** indicates P < 0.01, *** indicates P < 0.001, n.s. indicates P ≥ 0.05 (C_DNAP values <10⁻⁵, 0,33 from a two-sided permutation test, L_corrP values 0.003, 1.09 from a two-sided permutation test, P values with Bonferroni correction for multiple testing and resampling n matched to experiments, n = 96,93,46 simulations, for a description of the statistics of experiments, see Fig. 2c).