Chronic and Acute Disruption in Virtual Reality of Visual Cues Impairs Prey Capture (A–D) Behavioral dynamics in mutants. (A) Schematic anatomical phenotype of lakritz (lak) and blumenkohl (blu) mutants. (B) Common mode obtained from the SVD of transition matrices after mapping bouts from wild-type sibling control (top), lak (middle), and blu (bottom) animals into the behavioral space from Figure 1. (C) Singular values associated with S- and A-modes. Black arrowheads: prey capture-associated modes present in controls but absent or disrupted in mutants. (D) Stimulus maps associated with J-turns. (E–H) Acute disruption of visual cues during prey capture. (E) Setup and experimental design for a virtual prey capture assay. Animals are presented with six 40 s stimulus trials, interspersed with intervals with no stimuli. Persisting trials: virtual prey are always present. Vanishing trials: virtual prey disappear as soon as eye convergence is detected. (F) Example period from persisting (top) and vanishing (bottom) trials. Horizontal bars show when stimulus was present. Arrowheads indicate when eye convergence was detected online and the stimulus removed. Diamonds: automatic bout detection. Shaded regions: post hoc determination of eye convergence. (G) Left: cumulative distribution of hunt durations (∗∗∗p < 0.001, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). Right: average prey capture sequence duration during persisting and vanishing trials (∗∗∗p < 0.001, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). (H) Left: cumulative distribution of bout chain lengths (∗p < 0.05, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). Right: average number of bouts per hunting sequence (∗∗∗p < 0.001, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). See also Figures S5 and S6.
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