Figure 2

Androgens modulate tail curvature in pkd2^−/− embryos independently of AR. (a) Dose-response effects of androstandione on tail curvature in pkd2^−/− zebrafish embryos. (b) Effects on tail curvature in pkd2^−/− zebrafish embryos with co-exposure of androstandione and the anti-androgen flutamide. (c) The effects of androstandione on tail curvature in pkd2^−/−;ar^−/− embryos. (d) Effects of co-exposure of androstandione (10 µM) and the LTCC inhibitor, nifedipine (10 µM) or agonist, BayK8644 (30 µM), on tail curvature of pkd2^−/− zebrafish embryos. All results represented by mean +/− SEM. Significance via one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons. P values represented by * (****p ≤ 0.0001, ***p ≤ 0.001, **p ≤ 0.01, *p ≤ 0.05 and non-significant (ns): p > 0.05.). (e) Chemical structures of androgens and their potency on pkd2^−/− tail curvature with androstandione being the most potent and norethynodrel the least potent. Circles are positioned at C3 and C17, with the complexity of side groups at these locations correlating with potency of the compound.