Vasculature plexus formation and remodeling during regenerative angiogenesis and HIF induction. Vasculature of regenerated transgenic zebrafish Tg (fli1: EGFP) caudal fin under normoxic control conditions A. and following exposure to CoCl2 (1mM) B. In controls, by 3-6 dpa, the plexus is remodeled into distinguishable arteries (a) and veins (v) in the proximal regenerate (region delineated by red doubled-headed arrows) C., E. A vasculature plexus is still present at distal end (region delineated by white doubled-headed arrows). E, F), Higher magnification of regenerated fins. D., F. Following CoCl2 (1mM) exposure regenerates failed to complete plexus remodeling adequately. No clear distinguishable arteries and veins in the proximal area of the regenerate are observed (region delineated by blue doubled-headed arrows). Distal ends of regenerates treated with CoCl2 indicated increased sprouts number (yellow arrows) formed at the distal end of the growing vessel. G. Results of plexus length measurement are shown in the bar graph and are expressed as the percentage of length of none clear distinguishable arteries and veins structure relative to those observed under normoxia, which was assigned a value of 100%. Original magnification: 2-x objectives for A-B, 10-x objective for C-D, and 40-x objective for E-F. The amputation plane is indicated. Data shown represents Mean ± S.E (n =15 per group) from three independent experiments. *** P <0.0001.
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