Fig. 1

Phenotype analysis of BPA early-life exposure toxicity in wild-type zebrafish larvae.

(A) Percentage of mortality and (B) percentage of larvae with edema when developing zebrafish were exposed to BPA at 50, 100, 500, 1500 and 4500 μg/L BPA or vehicle control for 7 days from 3 hour post-fertilization (hpf) onwards. Error bars represent mean ± SD. Asterisk indicate significant (P<0.05) differences when compared to control group (n = 4 replicate batches of embryos; each treatment group consisted of 50 embryos). Inset in (A) represents another set of acute toxicity experiment performed under similar conditions indicating percentage of mortality for developing zebrafish exposed to BPA at 500, 5000,10000, 15000 and 20000 μg/L. Representative samples of zebrafish larvae exposed to: (C) vehicle (control), (D) 50 μg/L, (E) 100, (F) 500, (G) 1500, and (H) 4500 μg/L, of BPA for 7 days from 3 hpf. Adverse toxic effects was observed at higher frequency in 1500 and 4500 μg/L of BPA which include cardiac edema (ce), cranio-facial abnormality (cf) and swimbladder (sb) development/inflation problem. Scale bar = 500 μm.