Fig. 5
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- ZDB-FIG-070919-20
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- Lin et al., 2006 - PPM1A functions as a Smad phosphatase to terminate TGFbeta signaling
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Loss of PPM1A Promotes TGFβ Signaling (A) Loss of PPM1A enhances TGFβ antiproliferative response in HaCaT cells. DNA synthesis in shPPM1A cells and control cells was determined by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay. Values and error bars represent the mean and standard deviation of two experiments. (B) Enhanced expression of p15 in shPPM1A cells as assessed by qRT-PCR. Values and error bars represent the mean and standard deviation of two experiments (likewise for all qRT-PCR analyses below). (C) Increased p15 promoter activity in shPPM1A cells. Values and error bars represent the mean and standard deviation of at least three experiments (likewise for all reporter analyses below). (D) qRT-PCR analysis of p21 in HaCaT cells. (E) Inhibitors of p38, PI3K, and GSK3 have no or minimal effect on the basal level of p21 mRNA. Cells were treated with inhibitors of p38 kinase (10 μM SB202190), PI3K (10 μM LY294002), and GSK3 (2 μM SB216763) for 3 hr before TGFβ treatment and RNA analysis. (F) Smad2/3 mediate increased levels of both basal and inducible p21 promoter activity. pSRG-shS2/3 simultaneously express shSmad2 and shSmad3. pSRG is an empty vector. (G) qRT-PCR analysis of c-myc in HaCaT cells. (H) qRT-PCR analysis of PAI-1 in HaCaT cells. (I) Increased PAI-1 promoter activity in shPPM1A cells. (J) qRT-PCR analysis of FN in HaCaT cells. (K) PPM1A does not influence GAPDH mRNA level. |
Reprinted from Cell, 125(5), Lin, X., Duan, X., Liang, Y.Y., Su, Y., Wrighton, K.H., Long, J., Hu, M., Davis, C.M., Wang, J., Brunicardi, F.C., Shi, Y., Chen, Y.G., Meng, A., and Feng, X.H., PPM1A functions as a Smad phosphatase to terminate TGFbeta signaling, 915-928, Copyright (2006) with permission from Elsevier. Full text @ Cell