Fig. 1

Characterization of prochloraz-based ionic liquids (PILs): state at room temperature (A), differential scanning calorimetry (B), and partial 1H NMR profiles (C).

Fig. 2

Water solubility (A), the octanol-water partitions coefficients (B), and the interfacial surface tensions (C) of prochloraz and PILs at 25 °C.

Fig. 3

The photolytic curves under UV radiation (A), UV absorption spectrum (B), excitation spectra (C), and emission spectra (D) of prochloraz and PILs.

Fig. 4

Acute toxicity of prochloraz and PILs to zebrafish embryo (significance vs. prochloraz, red) and Spearman correlation of LC50-96 h with physicochemical properties. Significance levels: n.s. p > 0.05, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Fig. 5

Fungicidal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides of prochloraz and PILs (significance vs. prochloraz, red) and Spearman correlation of IC50 with physicochemical properties. Significance levels: n.s. p > 0.05, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.

Fig. 6

Initial deposition (A) and permeability (B) of active ingredients after postharvest treatment of mango by prochloraz, [Pro][PyrA], [Pro][SalA], and [Pro][OleA]. Significance levels: n.s. p > 0.05, * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001.

Acknowledgments
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