CEFFE treatment flow chart for infraorbital dark circles. a The whole process of CEFFE preparation. b The treatment and follow-up procedure of CEFFE for infraorbital dark circles in clinical trial

The effect of CEFFE on melanogenesis in zebrafish embryos. a Representative image of zebrafish embryos at 48hpf treated with 0, 100, and 200 ?g/mL of CEFFE. Each group displays the lateral and dorsal views of individual zebrafish embryos. b Quantification of the melanin content of zebrafish embryos at 48 hpf treated with 0, 100, and 200 ?g/mL of CEFFE. c Quantification of the melanin formation inhibition rate in each group of zebrafish at 48 hpf. Data are presented as mean?±?SEM, with n?=?8 for each group. Significance is indicated by * for p?

The efficacy of CEFFE treatment on infraorbital dark circles. a CEFFE treatment of infraorbital dark circles for patient 4 (male, 51 years old). VISIA® standard and brown spot photographs were taken before the first treatment, before the fifth treatment, and at the 3-month follow-up. The black dashed line box indicated the pigmentation changes in the middle edge of infraorbital dark circles on both sides. b CEFFE treatment of infraorbital dark circles for patient 6 (female, 38 years old). VISIA® standard and brown spot photographs were taken before the first treatment, before the fifth treatment, and at the 3-month follow-up. The black dashed line box indicated the pigmentation changes in the infraorbital dark circles on both sides. c Skin colour changes in infraorbital dark circles with CEFFE treatment. ?E*ab values were analysed before each treatment and at the 3-month follow-up for the inner, middle, and outer edges of the infraorbital dark circles. Data presented as mean?±?SEM. Significance presented by * for p?

CEFFE treatment flow chart for infraorbital dark circles. a The whole process of CEFFE preparation. b The treatment and follow-up procedure of CEFFE for infraorbital dark circles in clinical trial