FIGURE SUMMARY
Title

Zaluzanin-D enriched Vernonia arborea extract mediated copper oxide nanoparticles synthesis and their anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and DNA methylation altering properties

Authors
Sadiq, M., Sivasubramanian, A., Karanath-Anilkumar, A., Anjum-Musthafa, S., Kamaraj, C., Munuswamy-Ramanujam, G.
Source
Full text @ RSC Adv.
Fig. 1

(A) UV-vis spectrum of bCuO-NPs, (B) UV-vis spectrum of plant extract.

Fig. 2

(A) FT-IR spectrum ofbCuO-NPs, and (B) zaluzanin-D enriched Vernonia arborea ethyl acetate extract.

Fig. 3

(A) XRD pattern of bCuO-NPs showed intense peaks at specific 2 theta values and (B) plant extract.

Fig. 4

(A) Particle size analysis of bCuO-NPs, (B) zeta potential of bCuO-NPs.

Fig. 5

HR-SEM images of synthesized bCuO-NPs.

Fig. 6

(A) TEM images of bCuO-NPs and SAED pattern and (B) EDS profile of bCuO-NPs.

Fig. 7

(A) Percentage of THP-1 cell viability treated with different concentrations (1.25?10 mg ml?1) of bCuO-NPs, and (B) CLSM images of THP-1 cells treated with control doxorubicin and bCuO-NPs (*, ** denote significant differences between the treated and control).

Fig. 8

(A) DPPH, (B) ABTS radical scavenging activities of various concentrations of bCuO-NPs, (C) FACS data of CDH1 ? DCFDA treated THP-1 cells (D) C1 ? DCFDA + H2O2 treated THP-1 cells (E) MS1 ? DCFDA + H2O2 + bCuO-NPs treated THP-1 cells (F) overlay diagram of the FACS analysis (*, ** denote significant differences between the treated and control).

Fig. 9

(A) Control: THP-1 cells ? non-adhered (shows circular shaped cells) (B) THP-1 cells + PMA + bCuO-NPs (C) THP-1 cells + PMA (shows elongated adhered cells). The microscopic image shows the ability of bCuO-NPs to inhibit PMA activated adhesion in monocytes.

Fig. 10

Effect of bCuO-NPs and control (1.25?10 mg ml?1) showing normal zebrafish embryogenesis at different HPF development. The inverted microscope was used to produce the images. There were 4 periods depicted: blastula (3 HPF), segmentation (12 HPF), and pharyngula (24 HPF), and hatching (48 HPF). MP?melanophores; G?gut; Y?yolk sac; Ed?edema; Ch?chorion; F?fin; YM?yolk membrane; B?brain; E?eye anlage; T?tail P?pericardium; EB?ear bud; H?heart; C?chorda; BC?blood cells; AN?anus; (scale bar = 0.5 mm).

Fig. 11

Egg hatching rate of zebrafish embryos induced by (A) bCuO-NPs at 24?96 hpf, and (B) mortality of embryos increased in dose- and time-dependent manner. Data are expressed as means ± S. E. from three independent experiments (p > 0.05).

Acknowledgments
This image is the copyrighted work of the attributed author or publisher, and ZFIN has permission only to display this image to its users. Additional permissions should be obtained from the applicable author or publisher of the image. Full text @ RSC Adv.
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