FIGURE SUMMARY
Title

Protective role of ghrelin against 6PPD-quinone-induced neurotoxicity in zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio) via the GHSR pathway

Authors
Huang, Z., Chen, C., Guan, K., Xu, S., Chen, X., Lin, Y., Li, X., Shan, Y.
Source
Full text @ Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf.
Fig. 1

Exposure to 6PPD-Q causes shortened body length in zebrafish larvae. A) The schematic diagram of 6PPD-Q treatment in zebrafish larvae. hpf: hour post fertilization; AH: anamorelin hydrochloride. Zebrafish embryos/larvae were treated with DMSO or 6PPD-Q from 6 to 120 hpf, and rescue experiments were performed in the last 2 h. B) Hatching rate of zebrafish larvae at 54 hpf. Statistical results from 3 independent experiments. C) Mortality of zebrafish larvae at 120 hpf. D) Body length of zebrafish larvae (120 hpf) exposed to 6PPD-Q (n =2 3). (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, compared to control.).

Fig. 2

Behavior changes in zebrafish larvae (120 hpf) exposed to 6PPD-Q. A) Total swimming distance of zebrafish larvae. B) Swimming distance of zebrafish larvae in light for 1 hour. C) Swimming distance of zebrafish larvae in darkness for 1 hour. D) Swimming distance of zebrafish larvae in light/dark stimulation for 20 minutes. E) Changes in movement distance of zebrafish larvae under light/dark stimulation (recorded every 30 seconds). (n = 12, ?ns? means no statistical significance, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, compared to control.).

Fig. 3

Exposure to 6PPD-Q induces neurodevelopmental damage in zebrafish larvae (120 hpf). A-E) Dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), glutamate (Glu), norepinephrine (NE) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels in zebrafish larvae (triplicate groups of 30 larvae each). F) th expression in zebrafish larvae exposed to DMSO and 6PPD-Q. (?ns? means no statistical significance, *P < 0.05, compared to control.).

Fig. 4

Multiple pathways changed in 6PPD-Q-exposed zebrafish larvae (120 hpf) accompanied by increased ghrl expression. A) Volcano plot of altered gene expression in control and 6PPD-Q (50 ?g/L) groups. B) Gene ontology of top 30 signaling pathways for enrichment analysis. C) P-value distribution of the top 30 positions analyzed for Gene ontology enrichment. D) Gene ontology Heatmap of genes included in the top 30 analyzed by enrichment and relative expression and P-value of each gene.

Fig. 5

Anamorelin hydrochloride restores the behavior of zebrafish larvae with 6PPD-Q exposure. A) Total swimming distance of zebrafish larvae. B) Swimming distance of zebrafish larvae in light for 1 hour. C) Swimming distance of zebrafish larvae in darkness for 1 hour. D) Swimming distance of zebrafish larvae in light/dark stimulation for 20 minutes (n = 6). (?ns? means no statistical significance, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.).

Acknowledgments
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