FIGURE SUMMARY
Title

Muscle Pathology in Dystrophic Rats and Zebrafish Is Unresponsive to Taurine Treatment, Compared to the mdx Mouse Model for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Authors
Terrill, J.R., Huchet, C., Le Guiner, C., Lafoux, A., Caudal, D., Tulangekar, A., Bryson-Richardson, R.J., Sztal, T.E., Grounds, M.D., Arthur, P.G.
Source
Full text @ Metabolites
Figure 1

Markers of dystropathology, grip strength (A), and plasma CK (B), in WT and untreated and taurine-treated DMDmdx rats (at 2 doses) aged 12 weeks. * = significantly (p < 0.05) different to WT. Bars represent mean ± SEM and n = 8–10 rats per group.
Figure 2

Levels of taurine in plasma (A) and muscle (B) in plasma, from WT and untreated and taurine-treated DMDmdx rats (at 2 doses), aged 12 weeks. * = significantly (p < 0.05) different to WT. # = significant (p < 0.05) different to untreated DMDmdx rats. Bars represent mean ± SEM and n = 8–10 per group.
Figure 3

Markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in WT and untreated and taurine-treated DMDmdx rats (at 2 doses) aged 12 weeks. Levels of plasma neutrophils (A) and muscle MPO (B) and oxidative stress measured as protein thiol oxidation (PTO) (C). * = significantly (p < 0.05) different to WT. $ = significantly (p < 0.05) different to untreated DMDmdx rats. Bars represent mean ± SEM and n = 8–10 per group.
Figure 4

Muscle function (distance travelled) of 6 dpf WT (dmd+/+), heterozygous (dmd+/−) and homozygous (pc2/pc) dystrophic (dmd−/−) zebrafish treated with either 1 mM taurine or water (control) from 2 to 6 dpf. * = significantly (p < 0.05) different to WT. Bars represent mean ± SEM. For dmd+/+: n = 30, 27, 33 for untreated and n = 27, 22, 26 for taurine-treated; for dmd+/pc2: n = 48, 48, 55 for untreated and n = 56, 62, 55 for taurine-treated, and for dmdpc2/pc2: n = 41, 23, 28 for untreated and n = 32, 25, 37 for taurine-treated.
Figure 5

Levels of taurine in tails of WT (dmd+/+), heterozygous (dmd+/−) and homozygous (pc2/pc) dystrophic (dmd−/−) zebrafish treated with either 1 mM taurine (tau) or water (un) from 2 to 6 dpf. * = significantly (p < 0.05) different to WT. $ = significantly (p < 0.05) different to the untreated of same strain. Bars represent mean ± SEM and n = 4 (pooled samples of 12) per group.
Figure 6

Human plasma levels of taurine in control males and patients with DMD. Compared for healthy normal aged-matched (A–M) controls and patients with DMD: ambulant (2–6 years) and non-ambulant (16–20 years). * = significantly (p < 0.05) different to healthy age-matched control. # = significantly (p < 0.05) different to young healthy age-matched control and ambulant DMD. Bars represent mean ± SEM and n = 8–10 per group.
Acknowledgments
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