Figure 1

Acquisition of fear memory over two training trials. Freezing time during the conditioned freezing period was measured for high stationary behavior (HSB) and low stationary behavior (LSB) fish exposed to distilled water (DI) or alarm substance (AS). Points represent mean ± 1 standard error. × Indicates p < 0.05 for within-treatment group comparison.
Figure 2

Expression of npas4a in the Dm (A), Dl (B), and Vs (C). We measured expression of high stationary behavior (HSB) and low stationary behavior (LSB) fish at baseline (BL) or exposed to either alarm substance (AS) or distilled water (DI) during training. Bars represent mean ± 1 SE. Bars labeled with different letters indicate p < 0.05. × Indicates a significant strain main effect. ^Indicates a significant within-treatment group strain difference.
Figure 3

Representative images of Npas4a expression in the Dm for low stationary behavior (LSB) and high stationary behavior (HSB) fish at baseline (BL) or exposed to either alarm substance (AS) or distilled water (DI) during training.
Figure 4

Representative images of Npas4a expression in the Dl for low stationary behavior (LSB) and high stationary behavior (HSB) fish at baseline (BL) or exposed to either alarm substance (AS) or distilled water (DI) during training.
Figure 5

Representative images of Npas4a expression in the Vs for low stationary behavior (LSB) and high stationary behavior (HSB) fish at baseline (BL) or exposed to either alarm substance (AS) or distilled water (DI) during training.
Acknowledgments
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