PUBLICATION

Role of TGF-β3 in Regulating Neural Crest Cell Fate and Craniofacial Development: Insights From Zebrafish Models

Authors
Zhang, H., Shen, S., Qian, Y., Zhang, L., Pu, J., Zhou, X., Yang, N., Wang, W.
ID
ZDB-PUB-250829-5
Date
2025
Source
International dental journal   75: 103874 (Journal)
Registered Authors
Keywords
Craniofacial development, Neural crest cell, Osteochondrogenic differentiation, TGF-β signaling, Zebrafish
MeSH Terms
  • Animals
  • Apoptosis
  • Cell Differentiation
  • Cell Movement
  • Cell Proliferation
  • Chondrogenesis
  • Craniofacial Abnormalities
  • Gene Knockdown Techniques
  • Neural Crest*/cytology
  • Osteogenesis/genetics
  • Osteogenesis/physiology
  • Signal Transduction
  • Skull*
  • Transforming Growth Factor beta3*/genetics
  • Transforming Growth Factor beta3*/physiology
  • Zebrafish
  • Zebrafish Proteins
PubMed
40876387 Full text @ Int Dent J
Abstract
Craniofacial malformations, caused by dysregulated neural crest cell (NCC) differentiation, affect approximately one-third of newborns worldwide. Although TGFB3 mutations were recently associated with human coronoid process hypertrophy (CPH) and other craniofacial disorders, the mechanisms by which TGF-β3 regulates NCC fate determination through cell-cell communication remains unknown.
A zebrafish model was used to investigate the impact of tgfb3 on craniofacial cartilage and bone development. Additionally, Tgfb3 was knocked down in neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) in vitro to observe cellular changes and effects on chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation.
Knockdown of tgfb3 in zebrafish resulted in impaired cartilage development and bone formation, which was associated with the TGF-β signaling pathway. A reduction in the expression of markers for neural crest cell formation, migration, and differentiation was observed. Although Tgfb3 knockdown did not affect the proliferation capacity of NCSCs, it led to increased apoptosis, reduced migration, and decreased chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation. The expression of osteogenesis-related proteins and TGF-β/Smad pathway-related proteins was also reduced in NCSCs to varying degrees.
Silencing the Tgfb3 gene in zebrafish led to significant impairment in craniofacial cartilage and bone development, clearly highlighting the critical role of TGF-β3 in regulating NCSC fate. These findings underscore the importance of TGF-β3 in maintaining NCSC migration and differentiation.
Genes / Markers
Figures
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Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Antibodies
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping