PUBLICATION

Transglutaminase Activity Determines Nuclear Localization of Serotonin Immunoreactivity in the Early Embryos of Invertebrates and Vertebrates

Authors
Ivashkin, E., Melnikova, V., Kurtova, A., Brun, N.R., Obukhova, A., Khabarova, M.Y., Yakusheff, A., Adameyko, I., Gribble, K.E., Voronezhskaya, E.E.
ID
ZDB-PUB-190724-1
Date
2019
Source
ACS Chemical Neuroscience   10(8): 3888-3899 (Journal)
Registered Authors
Keywords
Serotonylation, early development, mollusks, nucleus, sea urchins, zebrafish
MeSH Terms
  • Animals
  • Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism*
  • Embryonic Development/physiology*
  • Mollusca
  • Sea Urchins
  • Serotonin/metabolism*
  • Transglutaminases/metabolism*
  • Zebrafish
PubMed
31291540 Full text @ ACS Chem. Neurosci.
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is a key player in many physiological processes in both the adult organism and developing embryo. One of the mechanisms for 5-HT-mediated effects is covalent binding of 5-HT to the target proteins catalyzed by transglutaminases (serotonylation). Despite the implication in a variety of physiological processes, the involvement of serotonylation in embryonic development remains unclear. Here we tested the hypothesis that 5-HT serves as a substrate for transglutaminase-mediated transamidation of the nuclear proteins in the early embryos of both vertebrates and invertebrates. For this, we demonstrated that the level of serotonin immunoreactivity (5-HT-ir) in cell nuclei increases upon the elevation of 5-HT concentration in embryos of sea urchins, mollusks, and teleost fish. Consistently, pharmacological inhibition of transglutaminase activity resulted in the reduction of both brightness and nuclear localization of anti-5-HT staining. We identified specific and bright 5-HT-ir within nuclei attributed to a subset of different cell types: ectodermal and endodermal, macro- and micromeres, and blastoderm. Western blot and dot blot confirmed the presence of 5-HT-ir epitopes in the normal embryos of all the species examined. The experimental elevation of 5-HT level led to the enhancement of 5-HT-ir-related signal on blots in a species-specific manner. The obtained results demonstrate that 5-HT is involved in transglutaminase-dependent monoaminylation of nuclear proteins and suggest nuclear serotonylation as a possible regulatory mechanism during early embryonic development. The results reveal that this pathway is conserved in the development of both vertebrates and invertebrates.
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