PUBLICATION
Sub-lethal effects of the triazole fungicide propiconazole on zebrafish (Danio rerio) development, oxidative respiration, and larval locomotor activity
- Authors
- Souders, C.L., Xavier, P., Perez-Rodriquez, V., Ector, N., Zhang, J.L., Martyniuk, C.J.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-190528-17
- Date
- 2019
- Source
- Neurotoxicology and teratology 74: 106809 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Keywords
- Behavior, Development, Mitochondrial bioenergetics, Triazoles, Visual Motor Response
- MeSH Terms
-
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects*
- Cell Respiration/drug effects
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects
- Fungicides, Industrial/toxicity*
- Larva/drug effects
- Larva/growth & development
- Locomotion/drug effects*
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Oxygen Consumption/drug effects*
- Pericardium/drug effects
- Triazoles/toxicity*
- Zebrafish/embryology
- PubMed
- 31129159 Full text @ Neurotoxicol. Teratol.
Citation
Souders, C.L., Xavier, P., Perez-Rodriquez, V., Ector, N., Zhang, J.L., Martyniuk, C.J. (2019) Sub-lethal effects of the triazole fungicide propiconazole on zebrafish (Danio rerio) development, oxidative respiration, and larval locomotor activity. Neurotoxicology and teratology. 74:106809.
Abstract
Propiconazole is a triazole fungicide used in agriculture. Via run-off, it can enter the aquatic environment, and can adversely affect organisms. However, data are scarce on how propiconazole may affect early developmental life stages of fish. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the potential sub-lethal effects of propiconazole during zebrafish development. Wildtype zebrafish (AB strain) embryos and larvae were exposed to propiconazole (0.1-100 μM) for up to 150 h post fertilization (hpf) depending upon the endpoint measured. Propiconazole decreased survival and induced hypopigmentation in fish at 100 μM compared to the water and solvent controls. Pericardial edema was also noted in embryos and larvae (beginning at 2-3 dpf) exposed to 100 μM propiconazole. To visualize the effects of propiconazole on the circulatory system in more detail, we exposed transgenic zebrafish (globin-LCR:eGFP) to the fungicide. Hematopoietic changes were observed within 48 h of exposure to 100 μM, and blood cells became diffuse, indicating pooling of blood in the pericardial region. We measured oxidative respiration in embryos as sufficient ATP is needed for development. Exposure to 100 μM propiconazole (~6-30 hpf) reduced basal respiration (~50%), oligomycin-induced ATP linked respiration (~70%), proton leak (~30%), and non-mitochondrial respiration (~50%), indicating compromised mitochondrial bioenergetics. A Visual Motor Response (VMR) test was used to measure larval fish exposed to propiconazole for a 6-day period and larval fish exposed to the highest concentration in the assay (10 μM) showed evidence of hypoactivity. This study demonstrates that propiconazole can induce hypopigmentation in zebrafish, disrupts mitochondrial bioenergetics, and alters locomotor activity. However, these sub-lethal responses were observed at concentrations above what is typically detected in the environment.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping