PUBLICATION
Fluazinam impairs oxidative phosphorylation and induces hyper/hypo-activity in a dose specific manner in zebrafish larvae
- Authors
- Wang, X.H., Zheng, S.S., Huang, T., Su, L.M., Zhao, Y.H., Souders, C.L., Martyniuk, C.J.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-180722-26
- Date
- 2018
- Source
- Chemosphere 210: 633-644 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Keywords
- Aquatic toxicology, Fungicide, Locomotor activity, Mitochondrial bioenergetics, Oxidative stress
- MeSH Terms
-
- Aminopyridines/pharmacology*
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Dopaminergic Neurons/cytology
- Dopaminergic Neurons/metabolism
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Larva/drug effects
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism*
- Oxidative Phosphorylation*
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Zebrafish/metabolism
- PubMed
- 30031347 Full text @ Chemosphere
Citation
Wang, X.H., Zheng, S.S., Huang, T., Su, L.M., Zhao, Y.H., Souders, C.L., Martyniuk, C.J. (2018) Fluazinam impairs oxidative phosphorylation and induces hyper/hypo-activity in a dose specific manner in zebrafish larvae. Chemosphere. 210:633-644.
Abstract
Fluazinam is a pyridinamine fungicide that induces oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in cells, and it has been reported to be neurotoxic. To characterize the biological effects of fluazinam, we assessed mitochondrial bioenergetics, dopamine system expression, and behavior of early life staged zebrafish (0.01 μM-0.5 μM). Fluazinam at environmentally-relevant levels did not induce sub-lethal effects in larvae, but at the LC50 (0.5 μM), fluazinam decreased basal and ATP-linked respiration significantly in embryos. As mitochondria are directly related to redox homeostasis and apoptosis, the expression of genes related to oxidative stress and apoptosis were measured. Superoxide dismutase 2 (sod2), heat stock protein 70 (hsp70), bcl2-associated X protein (bax), and caspase 9 (casp9) mRNA levels were up-regulated by 0.5 μM fluazinam. Taken together, there was evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage at the highest concentration of fluazinam (0.5 μM) tested. As there are reports for fluazinam-induced neurotoxicity in dopamine synthesizing cells, transcriptional targets in the dopamine system were assessed in the zebrafish. Tyrosine hydroxylase 1 (th1) and dopamine receptor 2a (drd2a) mRNA levels were decreased by 0.5 μM fluazinam, suggesting that this fungicide may affect the dopaminergic system. To further assess the potential for fluazinam-mediated neuromodulation, the dark photokinesis response was assessed in larvae following exposure. Larvae exposed to 0.1 μM fluazinam showed hyperactivity, while larvae exposed to 0.2 and 0.3 μM showed hypo-activity. This study demonstrates that fluazinam disrupts mitochondrial bioenergetics in zebrafish, inducing an oxidative stress response, and aberrant behaviors in larvae that are dose dependent.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping