PUBLICATION
Inhibition of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) by ethyl ketopentenoate (EKP) induces treatment-resistant epileptic seizures in zebrafish
- Authors
- Zhang, Y., Vanmeert, M., Siekierska, A., Ny, A., John, J., Callewaert, G., Lescrinier, E., Dehaen, W., de Witte, P.A.M., Kaminski, R.M.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-170805-2
- Date
- 2017
- Source
- Scientific Reports 7: 7195 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Keywords
- Epilepsy, High-throughput screening
- MeSH Terms
-
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal
- Biomarkers
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology*
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Glutamate Decarboxylase/antagonists & inhibitors*
- Glutamate Decarboxylase/chemistry
- Glutamate Decarboxylase/genetics
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Conformation
- Motor Activity
- Seizures/drug therapy
- Seizures/genetics
- Seizures/metabolism*
- Seizures/physiopathology*
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Zebrafish
- PubMed
- 28775328 Full text @ Sci. Rep.
Citation
Zhang, Y., Vanmeert, M., Siekierska, A., Ny, A., John, J., Callewaert, G., Lescrinier, E., Dehaen, W., de Witte, P.A.M., Kaminski, R.M. (2017) Inhibition of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) by ethyl ketopentenoate (EKP) induces treatment-resistant epileptic seizures in zebrafish. Scientific Reports. 7:7195.
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizures due to abnormal, excessive and synchronous neuronal activities in the brain. It affects approximately 65 million people worldwide, one third of which are still estimated to suffer from refractory seizures. Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) that converts glutamate into GABA is a key enzyme in the dynamic regulation of neural network excitability. Importantly, clinical evidence shows that lowered GAD activity is associated with several forms of epilepsy which are often treatment resistant. In the present study, we synthetized and explored the possibility of using ethyl ketopentenoate (EKP), a lipid-permeable GAD-inhibitor, to induce refractory seizures in zebrafish larvae. Our results demonstrate that EKP evoked robust convulsive locomotor activities, excessive epileptiform discharges and upregulated c-fos expression in zebrafish. Moreover, transgenic animals in which neuronal cells express apoaequorin, a Ca2+-sensitive bioluminescent photoprotein, displayed large luminescence signals indicating strong EKP-induced neuronal activation. Molecular docking data indicated that this proconvulsant activity resulted from the direct inhibition of both gad67 and gad65. Limited protective efficacy of tested anti-seizure drugs (ASDs) demonstrated a high level of treatment resistance of EKP-induced seizures. We conclude that the EKP zebrafish model can serve as a high-throughput platform for novel ASDs discovery.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping