PUBLICATION

Characterization of Tetratricopeptide Repeat-Containing Proteins Critical for Cilia Formation and Function

Authors
Xu, Y., Cao, J., Huang, S., Feng, D., Zhang, W., Zhu, X., Yan, X.
ID
ZDB-PUB-150411-2
Date
2015
Source
PLoS One   10: e0124378 (Journal)
Registered Authors
Cao, Jingli, Zhang, Wei
Keywords
Cilia, Zebrafish, Embryos, Complementary DNA, Microarrays, Otolith, Immunostaining, Pathogen motility
MeSH Terms
  • Animals
  • Carrier Proteins/chemistry
  • Carrier Proteins/genetics
  • Carrier Proteins/metabolism*
  • Cell Differentiation
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Cilia/genetics
  • Cilia/metabolism*
  • Epithelial Cells/cytology
  • Epithelial Cells/metabolism
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Multiprotein Complexes/chemistry
  • Multiprotein Complexes/genetics
  • Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism
  • Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
  • Phenotype
  • Trachea/cytology
  • Trachea/metabolism
  • Up-Regulation
  • Zebrafish/embryology
  • Zebrafish/genetics
  • Zebrafish/metabolism
  • Zebrafish Proteins/chemistry
  • Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
  • Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
PubMed
25860617 Full text @ PLoS One
Abstract
Cilia formation and function require a special set of trafficking machinery termed intraflagellar transport (IFT), consisting mainly of protein complexes IFT-A, IFT-B, BBSome, and microtubule-dependent molecular motors. Tetratricopeptide repeat-containing (TTC) proteins are widely involved in protein complex formation. Nine of them are known to serve as components of the IFT or BBSome complexes. How many TTC proteins are cilia-related and how they function, however, remain unclear. Here we show that twenty TTC genes were upregulated by at least 2-fold during the differentiation of cultured mouse tracheal epithelial cells (MTECs) into multiciliated cells. Our systematic screen in zebrafish identified four novel TTC genes, ttc4, -9c, -36, and -39c, that are critical for cilia formation and motility. Accordingly, their zebrafish morphants displayed typical ciliopathy-related phenotypes, including curved body, abnormal otolith, hydrocephalus, and defective left-right patterning. The morphants of ttc4 and ttc25, a known cilia-related gene, additionally showed pronephric cyst formation. Immunoprecipitation indicated associations of TTC4, -9c, -25, -36, and -39c with components or entire complexes of IFT-A, IFT-B, or BBSome, implying their participations in IFT or IFT-related activities. Our results provide a global view for the relationship between TTC proteins and cilia.
Genes / Markers
Figures
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Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Antibodies
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping