PUBLICATION
Organophosphate pesticides induce morphological abnormalities and decrease locomotor activity and heart rate in Danio rerio and Xenopus laevis
- Authors
- Watson, F.L., Schmidt, H., Turman, Z.K., Hole, N., Garcia, H., Gregg, J., Tilghman, J., Fradinger, E.A.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-140513-260
- Date
- 2014
- Source
- Environmental toxicology and chemistry 33(6): 1337-45 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Fradinger, Erica
- Keywords
- Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, Anurans, Fish, Pesticides, Toxic effects
- MeSH Terms
-
- Animals
- Ecotoxicology
- Environmental Pollutants/toxicity
- Heart Rate/drug effects*
- Motor Activity/drug effects*
- Organophosphates/toxicity*
- Pesticides/toxicity
- Swimming
- Xenopus laevis/abnormalities*
- Xenopus laevis/physiology*
- Zebrafish/abnormalities*
- Zebrafish/physiology*
- PubMed
- 24677261 Full text @ Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
Citation
Watson, F.L., Schmidt, H., Turman, Z.K., Hole, N., Garcia, H., Gregg, J., Tilghman, J., Fradinger, E.A. (2014) Organophosphate pesticides induce morphological abnormalities and decrease locomotor activity and heart rate in Danio rerio and Xenopus laevis. Environmental toxicology and chemistry. 33(6):1337-45.
Abstract
Organophosphate pesticides (OPs), a class of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, are used widely in agriculture to reduce insect populations. Because of the conservation of acetylcholinesterase between invertebrates and vertebrates, OPs also can adversely affect nontarget species, such as aquatic and terrestrial animals. This study used uniform conditions to analyze the morphological and physiological effects caused by developmental exposure to 3 commonly used OPs-chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos, and diazinon-on 2 aquatic vertebrate species, Danio rerio (zebrafish) and Xenopus laevis. Survival, locomotor activity, heart rate, and gross anatomical abnormalities, including kyphosis and edema, were observed over a 5-d period in response to OP concentrations ranging from 0μM to 1000μM. Both zebrafish and Xenopus showed decreased survival for all 3 OPs at higher concentrations. However, Xenopus showed higher mortality than zebrafish at lower chlorpyrifos and dichlorvos concentrations. Both models showed a dose-dependent decrease in heart rate and free-swimming larval activity in response to chlorpyrifos and dichlorvos. In addition, kyphosis and decreased spine length were prominent in Xenopus in response to 10μM of chlorpyrifos and 0.1μM dichlorvos. Although diazinon induced no effects on skeletal and cardiac motor activity in either species, it did induce cardiac edemas in zebrafish. Differences in the biological actions of OPs and their differential effects in these 2 vertebrate models demonstrate the importance of using common protocols and multiple models to evaluate the ecotoxicology of OPs.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping