Oxidative stress and immune related gene expression following exposure to di-n-butyl phthalate and diethyl phthalate in zebrafish embryos
- Authors
- Xu, H., Shao, X., Zhang, Z., Zou, Y., Wu, X., and Yang, L.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-130611-15
- Date
- 2013
- Source
- Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 93: 39-44 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Keywords
- oxidative stress, immune response, phthalate esters, fish embryo
- MeSH Terms
-
- Animals
- Catalase/metabolism
- Dibutyl Phthalate/toxicity*
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/immunology*
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects
- Oxidative Stress/physiology
- Phthalic Acids/toxicity*
- Reactive Oxygen Species
- Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
- Zebrafish/embryology
- Zebrafish/immunology
- Zebrafish/metabolism
- PubMed
- 23676468 Full text @ Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf.
In the present study, we analyzed the oxidative stress related indices and immune related gene expression of zebrafish embryos after a short-term exposure to various concentrations of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), diethyl phthalate (DEP) and their mixture (DBP–DEP) from 4 h post-fertilization (hpf) to 96 hpf. Exposure to the chemicals was found to enhance the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in a concentration-dependent manner. Simultaneously, adaptive responses to DBP/DEP-induced oxidative stress were observed. The activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were all increased in a concentration-dependent manner. The transcription of innate immune related genes including interferon γ (IFNγ), interleukin-1β (IL1β), Myxovirus resistance (Mx), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), CC-chemokine, CXCL-clc, lysozyme (Lyz) and complement factor C3B (C3) were up-regulated upon DBP, DEP and their mixture exposure, suggesting the induction of immune response. In addition, co-exposure to DBP–DEP also induced antioxidant defense and immune response in zebrafish embryo. The results demonstrat that DBP/DEP exposure could induce the antioxidant and immune responses in zebrafish embryos.