PUBLICATION
Novel Tfap2-mediated control of soxE expression facilitated the evolutionary emergence of the neural crest
- Authors
- Van Otterloo, E., Li, W., Garnett, A., Cattell, M., Medeiros, D.M., and Cornell, R.A.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-120117-11
- Date
- 2012
- Source
- Development (Cambridge, England) 139(4): 720-730 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Cornell, Robert, Garnett, Aaron, Li, Wei
- Keywords
- none
- MeSH Terms
-
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Embryonic Induction
- Humans
- Biological Evolution*
- Phylogeny
- SOXE Transcription Factors/genetics
- SOXE Transcription Factors/metabolism*
- Zebrafish/anatomy & histology
- Zebrafish/embryology
- Zebrafish/genetics
- Lampreys/anatomy & histology
- Lampreys/embryology
- Lampreys/genetics
- Activating Transcription Factor 2/genetics
- Activating Transcription Factor 2/metabolism*
- Drosophila melanogaster/anatomy & histology
- Drosophila melanogaster/embryology
- Drosophila melanogaster/genetics
- Chordata/anatomy & histology
- Chordata/classification
- Chordata/embryology
- Chordata/genetics
- Animals
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- Neural Crest/cytology
- Neural Crest/physiology*
- PubMed
- 22241841 Full text @ Development
Citation
Van Otterloo, E., Li, W., Garnett, A., Cattell, M., Medeiros, D.M., and Cornell, R.A. (2012) Novel Tfap2-mediated control of soxE expression facilitated the evolutionary emergence of the neural crest. Development (Cambridge, England). 139(4):720-730.
Abstract
Gene duplication has been proposed to drive the evolution of novel morphologies. After gene duplication, it is unclear whether
changes in the resulting paralogs' coding-regions, or in their cis-regulatory elements, contribute most significantly to the
assembly of novel gene regulatory networks. The Transcription Factor Activator Protein 2 (Tfap2) was duplicated in the chordate
lineage and is essential for development of the neural crest, a tissue that emerged with vertebrates. Using a tfap2-depleted zebrafish background, we test the ability of available gnathostome, agnathan, cephalochordate and insect tfap2 paralogs to drive neural crest development. With the exception of tfap2d (lamprey and zebrafish), all are able to do so. Together with expression analyses, these results indicate that sub-functionalization
has occurred among Tfap2 paralogs, but that neo-functionalization of the Tfap2 protein did not drive the emergence of the
neural crest. We investigate whether acquisition of novel target genes for Tfap2 might have done so. We show that in neural
crest cells Tfap2 directly activates expression of sox10, which encodes a transcription factor essential for neural crest development. The appearance of this regulatory interaction
is likely to have coincided with that of the neural crest, because AP2 and SoxE are not co-expressed in amphioxus, and because neural crest enhancers are not detected proximal to amphioxus soxE. We find that sox10 has limited ability to restore the neural crest in Tfap2-deficient embryos. Together, these results show that mutations resulting
in novel Tfap2-mediated regulation of sox10 and other targets contributed to the evolution of the neural crest.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping