PUBLICATION
An iterative genetic and dynamical modelling approach identifies novel features of the gene regulatory network underlying melanocyte development
- Authors
- Greenhill, E.R., Rocco, A., Vibert, L., Nikaido, M., and Kelsh, R.N.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-110920-10
- Date
- 2011
- Source
- PLoS Genetics 7(9): e1002265 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Greenhill, Emma, Kelsh, Robert, Nikaido, Masataka
- Keywords
- Melanocytes, Embryos, Zebrafish, Gene expression, Neuronal differentiation, Cell differentiation, Neural crest, In situ hybridization
- MeSH Terms
-
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation
- Gene Regulatory Networks/genetics*
- Histone Deacetylase 1/genetics*
- Histone Deacetylase 1/metabolism
- Melanocytes/cytology*
- Melanocytes/metabolism
- Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor/genetics*
- Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Models, Theoretical
- Neural Crest/cytology
- Neural Crest/growth & development
- SOX9 Transcription Factor/genetics*
- SOX9 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- SOXE Transcription Factors/genetics*
- SOXE Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Wnt Signaling Pathway/genetics
- Zebrafish/genetics*
- Zebrafish/growth & development*
- Zebrafish Proteins/genetics*
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
- PubMed
- 21909283 Full text @ PLoS Genet.
Citation
Greenhill, E.R., Rocco, A., Vibert, L., Nikaido, M., and Kelsh, R.N. (2011) An iterative genetic and dynamical modelling approach identifies novel features of the gene regulatory network underlying melanocyte development. PLoS Genetics. 7(9):e1002265.
Abstract
The mechanisms generating stably differentiated cell-types from multipotent precursors are key to understanding normal development and have implications for treatment of cancer and the therapeutic use of stem cells. Pigment cells are a major derivative of neural crest stem cells and a key model cell-type for our understanding of the genetics of cell differentiation. Several factors driving melanocyte fate specification have been identified, including the transcription factor and master regulator of melanocyte development, Mitf, and Wnt signalling and the multipotency and fate specification factor, Sox10, which drive mitf expression. While these factors together drive multipotent neural crest cells to become specified melanoblasts, the mechanisms stabilising melanocyte differentiation remain unclear. Furthermore, there is controversy over whether Sox10 has an ongoing role in melanocyte differentiation. Here we use zebrafish to explore in vivo the gene regulatory network (GRN) underlying melanocyte specification and differentiation. We use an iterative process of mathematical modelling and experimental observation to explore methodically the core melanocyte GRN we have defined. We show that Sox10 is not required for ongoing differentiation and expression is downregulated in differentiating cells, in response to Mitfa and Hdac1. Unexpectedly, we find that Sox10 represses Mitf-dependent expression of melanocyte differentiation genes. Our systems biology approach allowed us to predict two novel features of the melanocyte GRN, which we then validate experimentally. Specifically, we show that maintenance of mitfa expression is Mitfa-dependent, and identify Sox9b as providing an Mitfa-independent input to melanocyte differentiation. Our data supports our previous suggestion that Sox10 only functions transiently in regulation of mitfa and cannot be responsible for long-term maintenance of mitfa expression; indeed, Sox10 is likely to slow melanocyte differentiation in the zebrafish embryo. More generally, this novel approach to understanding melanocyte differentiation provides a basis for systematic modelling of differentiation in this and other cell-types.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping