PUBLICATION

Decreased BDNF levels are a major contributor to the embryonic phenotype of huntingtin knockdown zebrafish

Authors
Diekmann, H., Anichtchik, O., Fleming, A., Futter, M., Goldsmith, P., Roach, A., and Rubinsztein, D.C.
ID
ZDB-PUB-090217-4
Date
2009
Source
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience   29(5): 1343-1349 (Journal)
Registered Authors
Anichtchik, Oleg, Diekmann, Heike, Fleming, Angeleen
Keywords
huntingtin, BDNF, zebrafish, knockdown, animal model, neurotrophic factor
MeSH Terms
  • Animals
  • Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/deficiency
  • Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics
  • Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism*
  • Gene Knockdown Techniques*/methods
  • Humans
  • Huntington Disease/genetics
  • Huntington Disease/metabolism
  • Nerve Tissue Proteins/deficiency
  • Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics*
  • Nerve Tissue Proteins/physiology
  • Phenotype*
  • Zebrafish/embryology*
  • Zebrafish/genetics*
  • Zebrafish Proteins/deficiency
  • Zebrafish Proteins/genetics*
  • Zebrafish Proteins/physiology
PubMed
19193881 Full text @ J. Neurosci.
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant, neurodegenerative condition caused by a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion that is translated into an abnormally long polyglutamine tract in the protein huntingtin. Genetic and transgenic studies suggest that the mutation causes disease predominantly via gain-of-function mechanisms. However, loss of normal huntingtin function resulting from the polyglutamine expansion might also contribute to the pathogenesis of HD. Here, we have studied the effects of huntingtin knockdown in zebrafish using morpholino antisense oligonucleotides, as its huntingtin orthologue has 70% amino acid identity with the human protein. Reduced huntingtin levels did not impact on gastrulation and early development, but caused massive apoptosis of neuronal cells by 24 hpf. This was accompanied by impaired neuronal development, resulting in small eyes and heads and enlargement of brain ventricles. Older huntingtin knockdown fish developed lower jaw abnormalities with most branchial arches missing. Molecular analysis revealed that BDNF expression was reduced by approximately 50%. Reduction of BDNF levels by injection of a BDNF morpholino resulted in phenotypes very similar to those seen in huntingtin knockdown zebrafish. The phenotypes of both huntingtin- and BDNF-knockdown zebrafish showed significant rescue when treated with exogenous BDNF protein. This underscores the physiological importance of huntingtin as a regulator of BDNF production and suggests that loss of BDNF is a major cause of the developmental abnormalities seen with huntingtin knockdown in zebrafish. Increasing BDNF expression may represent a useful strategy for Huntington's disease treatment.
Genes / Markers
Figures
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Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Antibodies
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping