PUBLICATION
Controlling morpholino experiments: don't stop making antisense
- Authors
- Eisen, J.S., and Smith, J.C.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-090123-22
- Date
- 2008
- Source
- Development (Cambridge, England) 135(10): 1735-1743 (Review)
- Registered Authors
- Eisen, Judith S., Smith, Jim
- Keywords
- none
- MeSH Terms
-
- Animals
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- MicroRNAs/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mutation
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/genetics*
- Xenopus/genetics
- Xenopus/metabolism
- Zebrafish/genetics
- Zebrafish/metabolism
- PubMed
- 18403413 Full text @ Development
Citation
Eisen, J.S., and Smith, J.C. (2008) Controlling morpholino experiments: don't stop making antisense. Development (Cambridge, England). 135(10):1735-1743.
Abstract
One of the most significant problems facing developmental biologists who do not work on an organism with well-developed genetics - and even for some who do - is how to inhibit the action of a gene of interest during development so as to learn about its normal biological function. A widely adopted approach is to use antisense technologies, and especially morpholino antisense oligonucleotides. In this article, we review the use of such reagents and present examples of how they have provided insights into developmental mechanisms. We also discuss how the use of morpholinos can lead to misleading results, including off-target effects, and we suggest controls that will allow researchers to interpret morpholino experiments correctly.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping