PUBLICATION

Gene duplications and losses within the cyclooxygenase family of teleosts and other chordates

Authors
Havird, J.C., Miyamoto, M.M., Choe, K.P., and Evans, D.H.
ID
ZDB-PUB-080826-41
Date
2008
Source
Mol. Biol. Evol.   25(11): 2349-2359 (Journal)
Registered Authors
Keywords
cyclooxygenase, prostaglandins, 2R hypothesis, teleost genome, gene duplication, gene loss
MeSH Terms
  • Amino Acid Motifs
  • Animals
  • Chordata, Nonvertebrate/classification
  • Chordata, Nonvertebrate/enzymology
  • Chordata, Nonvertebrate/genetics*
  • Cloning, Molecular
  • Evolution, Molecular*
  • Female
  • Fishes/classification
  • Fishes/genetics*
  • Fundulidae
  • Gene Duplication*
  • Hagfishes
  • Humans
  • Lampreys
  • Phylogeny
  • Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/chemistry
  • Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/genetics*
  • Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Sequence Alignment
  • Sequence Analysis, Protein
PubMed
18718920 Full text @ Mol. Biol. Evol.
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) produces prostaglandins in animals via the oxidation and reduction of arachidonic acid. Different types and numbers of COX genes have been found in corals, sea squirts, fishes, and tetrapods, but no study has used a comparative phylogenetic approach to investigate the evolutionary history of this complex gene family. Therefore, to examine COX evolution in the teleosts and chordates, 9 novel COX sequences (possessing residues and domains critical to COX function) were acquired from the euryhaline killifish, longhorn sculpin, sea lamprey, Atlantic hagfish, and amphioxus using standard PCR and cloning methods. Phylogenetic analyses of these and other COX sequences show a complicated history of COX duplications and losses. There are 3 main lineages of COX in the chordates corresponding to the 3 subphyla in the phylum Chordata, with each lineage representing an independent COX duplication. Hagfish and lamprey most likely have traditional COX-1/2 genes, suggesting that these genes originated with the first round of genome duplication in the vertebrates according to the 2R hypothesis and are not exclusively present in the gnathostomes. All teleosts examined have three COX genes due to a teleost-specific genome duplication followed by variable loss of a COX-1 (in the zebrafish and rainbow trout) or COX-2 gene (in the derived teleosts). Future studies should examine the functional ramifications of these differential gene losses.
Genes / Markers
Figures
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Antibodies
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping