PUBLICATION

Evolution of the Class 2 cytokines and receptors, and discovery of new friends and relatives

Authors
Krause, C.D., and Pestka, S.
ID
ZDB-PUB-071129-15
Date
2005
Source
Pharmacology & Therapeutics   106(3): 299-346 (Journal)
Registered Authors
Keywords
Class 2 receptors, Interleukins, Interferons, Evolution, Phylogenetic analysis, Immune system
MeSH Terms
  • Humans
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Ligands
  • Receptors, Cytokine/genetics*
  • Receptors, Cytokine/metabolism
  • Animals
  • Cytokines/genetics*
  • Cytokines/metabolism
  • Phylogeny
  • Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Evolution, Molecular*
(all 12)
PubMed
15922016 Full text @ Pharmacol. Ther.
Abstract
The sequencing of a wide variety of genomes and their transcripts has allowed researchers to determine how proteins or protein families evolved and how strongly during evolution a protein has been conserved. In this report, we analyze the evolution of the Class 2 ligands and their cognate receptors by analyzing Class 2 ligand and receptor chain gene sequences from a variety of DNA sequence databases. Both the Class 2 cytokines and receptor chains appear to have developed during the evolution of the chordate phyla: distant homologues of type I interferon (IFN) receptors are the only Class 2 cytokine receptors identified in the Ciona genomes, while a wide variety of Class 2 ligands and receptor chains are encoded in the currently available genomes of bony vertebrates (teleost fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals). Phylogenetic trees of ligands and ligand-binding receptor chains demonstrate that proteins involved in conferring antiviral activity diverged before those involved in adaptive immunity. Genes encoding IFNs and IFN receptors duplicated multiple times during chordate evolution, suggesting that duplication of genes encoding IFN activity conveyed an evolutionary advantage. Altogether, these data support a model whereby the original Class 2 cytokines and receptors evolved and duplicated during the evolution of the chordate innate immune response system; new receptor and ligand duplications evolved into signaling molecules to fulfill communication requirements of a highly specialized and differentiated vertebrate immune system. In addition, the genomic analysis led to the discovery of some new members of this family.
Genes / Markers
Figures
No images available
Expression
Phenotype
No data available
Mutations / Transgenics
No data available
Human Disease / Model
No data available
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
No data available
Antibodies
No data available
Orthology
No data available
Engineered Foreign Genes
No data available
Mapping
No data available
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Citation
Krause, C.D., and Pestka, S. (2005) Evolution of the Class 2 cytokines and receptors, and discovery of new friends and relatives. Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 106(3):299-346.