PUBLICATION
Temperature- and exercise-induced gene expression and metabolic enzyme changes in skeletal muscle of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio)
- Authors
- McClelland, G.B., Craig, P.M., Dhekney, K., and Dipardo, S.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-060927-6
- Date
- 2006
- Source
- The Journal of physiology 577(2): 739-751 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Keywords
- Exercise, Muscle adaptation, Temperature
- MeSH Terms
-
- 3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases/metabolism
- Acclimatization/physiology*
- Animals
- Citrate (si)-Synthase/metabolism
- Cold Temperature*
- Electron Transport Complex IV/metabolism
- Eye Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic*
- Muscle Fatigue
- Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology*
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1/metabolism
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology*
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Pyruvate Kinase/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Zebrafish/metabolism*
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism*
- PubMed
- 16990399 Full text @ J. Physiol.
Citation
McClelland, G.B., Craig, P.M., Dhekney, K., and Dipardo, S. (2006) Temperature- and exercise-induced gene expression and metabolic enzyme changes in skeletal muscle of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). The Journal of physiology. 577(2):739-751.
Abstract
Both exercise training and cold acclimation induce muscle remodeling in vertebrates, producing a more aerobic phenotype. In ectothermic species exercise training and cold-acclimation represent distinct stimuli. It is currently unclear if these stimuli act through a common mechanism or if different mechanisms lead to a common phenotype. The goal of this study was to survey responses that represent potential mechanisms responsible for contraction- and temperature-induced muscle remodeling using an ectothermic vertebrate. Separate groups of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) were either swim trained or cold acclimated for 4 weeks. We found that the mitochondrial marker enzyme citrate synthase (CS) was increased by 1.5x in cold and by 1.3x with exercise (p<0.05). Cytochrome c oxidase (COx) was increased by 1.2x following exercise training (p<0.05) and 1.2x (p=0.07) with cold acclimation. However, only cold acclimation increased beta- hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HOAD) compared to exercise trained (by 1.3x) and pyruvate kinase (PK) relative to control zebrafish. We assessed the whole animal performance outcomes of these treatments. Maximum absolute sustained swimming speed (Ucrit) was increased in the exercise trained group but not in the cold acclimated group. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that increases in CS are primarily transcriptionally regulated with exercise but not with cold treatments. Both treatments showed increases in nuclear respiratory factor (NRF)-1 mRNA which was increased by 2.3x in cold- acclimated and 4x in exercise-trained zebrafish above controls. In contrast, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha mRNA levels were decreased in both experimental groups while PPAR-beta1 declined in exercise training only. Moreover, PPAR-gamma coactivator (PGC)-1alpha mRNA was not changed by either treatment. In zebrafish, both temperature and exercise produce a more aerobic phenotype but there are stimulus-dependent responses (i.e. HOAD and PK activities). While similar changes in NRF-1 mRNA suggest that common responses might underlie aerobic muscle remodeling there are distinct changes (i.e. CS and PPAR-beta1 mRNA) that contribute to specific temperature- and exercise-induced phenotypes.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping