PUBLICATION
The interferon system of teleost fish
- Authors
- Robertsen, B.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-060628-1
- Date
- 2006
- Source
- Fish & shellfish immunology 20(2): 172-191 (Review)
- Registered Authors
- Keywords
- Interferons, Interferon alpha, Interferon gamma, Antiviral, Interferon receptor, JAK?STAT, Mx protein, PKR, ISG15, ISG56, Phylogeny, Evolution, Fish
- MeSH Terms
-
- Fishes/genetics
- Fishes/immunology*
- Humans
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Interferons/chemistry
- Interferons/genetics
- Interferons/immunology*
- RNA Virus Infections/immunology
- Zebrafish Proteins
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Gene Order/genetics
- Sequence Alignment
- Immune System/physiology*
- STAT Transcription Factors/genetics
- RNA/immunology
- RNA/metabolism
- Vertebrates/genetics
- Vertebrates/immunology*
- Phylogeny
- Animals
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- Receptors, Interferon/immunology
- Janus Kinase 1
- PubMed
- 15939626 Full text @ Fish Shellfish Immunol.
Citation
Robertsen, B. (2006) The interferon system of teleost fish. Fish & shellfish immunology. 20(2):172-191.
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are secreted proteins, which induce vertebrate cells into an antiviral state. In mammals, three families of IFNs (type I IFN, type II IFN and IFN-lambda) can be distinguished on the basis of gene structure, protein structure and functional properties. Type I IFNs, which include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, are encoded by intron lacking genes and have a major role in the first line of defense against viruses. The human IFN-lambdas have similar biological properties as type I IFNs, but are encoded by intron containing genes. Type II IFN is identical to IFN-gamma, which is produced by T helper 1 cells in response to mitogens and antigens and has a key role in adaptive cell mediated immunity. IFNs, which show structural and functional properties similar to mammalian type I IFNs, have recently been cloned from Atlantic salmon, channel catfish, pufferfish, and zebrafish. Teleost fish appear to have at least two type I IFN genes. Phylogenetic sequence analysis shows that the fish type I IFNs form a group separated from the avian type I IFNs and the mammalian IFN-alpha, -beta and -lambda groups. Interestingly, the fish IFNs possess the same exon/intron structure as the IFN-lambdas, but show most sequence similarity to IFN-alpha. Recently, IFN-gamma genes have also been cloned from several fish species and shown to have the same exon/intron structure as mammalian IFN-gamma genes. The antiviral effect of mammalian type I IFN is exerted through binding to the IFN-alpha/beta-receptor, which triggers signal transduction through the JAK-STAT signal transduction pathway resulting in expression of Mx and other antiviral proteins. Putative IFN receptor genes have been identified in pufferfish. Several interferon regulatory factors and members of the JAK-STAT pathway have also been identified in various fish species. Moreover, Mx and several other interferon stimulated genes have been cloned and studied in fish. Furthermore, antiviral activity of Mx protein from Atlantic salmon and Japanese flounder has recently been demonstrated.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping