PUBLICATION

Novel immune-type receptor genes

Authors
Litman, G.W., Hawke, N.A., and Yoder, J.A.
ID
ZDB-PUB-010827-1
Date
2001
Source
Immunological reviews   181: 250-259 (Journal)
Registered Authors
Litman, Gary W., Yoder, Jeffrey A.
Keywords
none
MeSH Terms
  • Animals
  • Biological Evolution
  • Fishes/genetics*
  • Fishes/immunology*
  • Genetic Variation
  • Genome
  • Models, Biological
  • Molecular Structure
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry
  • Receptors, Immunologic/genetics*
PubMed
11513146 Full text @ Immunol. Rev.
Abstract
Novel immune-type receptor (NITR) genes, which initially were identified in the Southern pufferfish (Spheroides nephelus), encode products which consist of an extracellular variable (V) and V-like C2 (V/C2) domain, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic tail, which typically possesses an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM). Multiple NITR genes have been identified in close, contiguous chromosomal linkage. The V regions of NITRs resemble prototypic forms defined for immunoglobulin (Ig) and T-cell antigen receptor (TCR), are present in multiple families and exhibit regionalized variation in sequence, which also occurs in Ig and TCR. Comparisons of exons encoding transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions of multiple NITRs suggest that exon shuffling has factored in the diversification of the NITR gene complex. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) NITRs exhibit many of these characteristics. NITRs that have been identified in additional species of bony fish demonstrate additional variation in the number of extracellular domains as well as in the presence of intramembranous charged residues, cytoplasmic tails and ITIMs. The presence in NITRs of V regions that are related closely to those found in Ig and TCR, as well as regulatory motifs and other structural features that are characteristic of immune inhibitory receptors encoded at the leukocyte receptor cluster, suggests that the NITRs are representative of an integral stage in the evolution of innate and adaptive immune function.
Genes / Markers
Figures
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Antibodies
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping