Figure 4

Figure 4

BMP inhibition leads to blood regurgitation and ventricular dilation. (A) Time-lapse LSFM images of Tg(gata1:DsRed);bmp16^+/+ and Tg(gata1:DsRed);bmp16^−/− embryos at 120 hpf. Individual blood cells are pseudocolor-coded to facilitate tracking. Scale bar: 20 µm. (B) Quantification of regurgitated blood cells from the bulbus arteriosus into the ventricle in wild-type and bmp16 knockout embryos at the indicated stages. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. n = 10. (C) Quantification of regurgitated blood cells in vehicle- and LDN-193189-treated embryos, using two-way ANOVA. n = 9. (D) LSFM images of Tg(cmlc2:EGFP) zebrafish hearts at end-diastole and end-systole in vehicle- and LDN-193189-treated embryos at 120 hpf. Scale bar: 50 µm. (E,F) Quantitative analysis of ventricular area at end-diastole (E) and end-systole (F) in vehicle- and LDN-193189-treated embryos, analyzed using two-way ANOVA. n = 10. (G) Stereomicroscopy images of wild-type embryos treated with LDN-193189. Scale bar: 500 µm. (H) Quantitative assessment of pericardial edema areas in vehicle- and LDN-193189-treated embryos, analyzed using two-way ANOVA. n = 10. (I) Quantitative assessment of embryo body length in vehicle- and LDN-193189-treated embryos, analyzed using two-way ANOVA. n = 10. **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ****, p < 0.0001.